Bankruptcy is designed to provide relief from debts. However, all debts are treated the same. While what might happen to any given debt can become a very fact-particular inquiry, there's a few categorizations that are very basic to understanding the bankruptcy process.
Priority Claim
A priority claim is one entitled to special treatment under the bankruptcy code. Priority claims must be paid in full within chapter 13, and are paid first in chapter 7, before general unsecured debts. Taxes, child support, and alimony are common priority claims. Several priority claims are also nondischargable.